Sjögren’s syndrome: history and challenges
in diagnosis

Kinga Brzdęk; Szymon Wiśniewski; Olga Domańska; Wiktor Baran; Michał Brzdęk

doi:10.5114/ppiel.2024.143162

eISSN: 2299-8284
ISSN: 1233-9989

Nursing Problems / Problemy Pielęgniarstwa

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3/2024
vol. 32

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abstract:

Review paper

Sjögren’s syndrome: history and challenges in diagnosis

Kinga Brzdęk

¹

,

Szymon Wiśniewski

¹

,

Olga Domańska

¹

,

Wiktor Baran

¹

,

Michał Brzdęk

¹

Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland

Nursing Problems 2024; 32 (3): 111-116

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ppiel.2024.143162

Online publish date: 2024/09/30

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The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of current diagnostic methods for Sjögren’s syndrome and to highlight the historical progress in diagnosing dry eye syndrome. The article is based on scientific publications, with relevant articles selected after an initial assessment and analysed using a non-systematic review method to ensure a concise synthesis of available information. Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocytic infiltration in exocrine glands. Sjögren’s syndrome remains a poorly understood disease, concealing many aspects. This disease often manifests through dryness of the mouth and eyes, as well as skin changes. Over the years, the diagnostic criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome have under-gone multiple modifications. In 2016, a consensus was reached that currently serves as the diagnostic foundation. The diagnostic process is challenging, leading to delayed diagnosis. Therefore, specialists employ supplementary tests, including the Schirmer test, scintigraphy, and histopathological examinations.

keywords:

Sjögren’s syndrome: history and challenges in diagnosis

Kinga Brzdęk 1 , Szymon Wiśniewski 1 , Olga Domańska 1 , Wiktor Baran 1 , Michał Brzdęk 1

diagnosis, history, Schirmer test, Sjogren’s syndrome

Kinga Brzdęk

¹

,

Szymon Wiśniewski

¹

,

Olga Domańska

¹

,

Wiktor Baran

¹

,

Michał Brzdęk

¹